Camera traps reveal the population size and distribution of snow leopards across a 59,000 km2 landscape in India’s Ladakh territory, in the north of the country.
The study, by an international research team, estimated that Ladakh is home to 477 snow leopards, representing 68% of India’s total population. The density of snow leopards varied between 1 and 3 individuals per 100 km2, and they found that Hemis National Park has the highest density of snow leopards recorded globally.
They report that 61% of snow leopards in Ladakh co-exist alongside human populations. Resource-rich grasslands with a moderate climate and complex terrain tended to be home to a higher number of snow leopards, which is likely due to a greater availability of prey and less human disturbance.
The study is the most comprehensive population survey of snow leopards to date. The methodology could be used for regular monitoring of these elusive big cats across their global range. The study also generated a national photo library of snow leopards that could help conservationists to monitor poaching and trafficking of animal parts.
The authors say that the wide distribution and high population density of snow leopards in Ladakh is due to a combination of factors, including abundant prey, rugged and remote landscapes, low human population density, and a culture of deep respect for wildlife among local communities.
The findings have been published in a PLOS One paper published online May 7, 2025.